Question 1.

Pick the right response from the four options given underneath:

(I) An expanse of land limited via ocean on three sides is alluded to as

Ans: Peninsula

(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern piece of India shaping its limit with Myanmar are collectivity called

Ans.  Purvachal

(iii) The western waterfront strip, south of Goa is alluded to as

Ans. Kannad

(iv) The most noteworthy top in the Eastern Ghats is

Ans. Mahendragiri


Question 2

Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?

Answer: The most established body of land, (the Peninsula part), was a piece of the Gondwana land. The Gondwana land included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single body of land.

Question 3

What are Tectonic Plates?

Answer:The covering (upper piece) of the earth has been framed out of seven significant and a few minor plates. These are called structural plates.

A Tectonic plate (likewise called lithospheric plate) is a monstrous, unpredictably molded section of strong stone, by and large made out of both mainland and maritime lithosphere. Plate size can change extraordinarily, from a couple hundred to thousands of kilometers across; the Pacific and Antarctic Plates are among the biggest. Plate thickness additionally fluctuates incredibly, going from under 15 km for youthful maritime lithosphere to around 200 km or something else for antiquated mainland lithosphere.


Question 4

What is the bhabar?

Answer:The waterways, subsequent to sliding from the mountains store rocks in a thin belt of around 8 to 16 km in width lying lined up with the slants of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar.


Question 5

Distinguish Between Converging and Diverging Tectonic Plates

Answer:Converging Tectonic Plates: Some plates come towards each other and form convergent boundaries.

Diverging Tectonic Plates: Some plates move away from each other and form divergent boundaries.


Question 6

Distinguish Between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats?

Answer Western Ghats:
The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats. Their typical rise is 900-1600 meters as against 600 meters of the Eastern Ghats. The Western Ghats cause orographic downpour by confronting the downpour bearing wet breezes to ascend along the western slants of the Ghats. The Western Ghats are known by various neighborhood names. The level of the Western Ghats continuously increments from north to south. The most elevated tops incorporate the Anai Mudi (2,695metres) and the Doda Betta (2,637 meters).

Eastern Ghats:
The Eastern Ghats stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nigiris in the south. The Eastern Ghats are spasmodic and sporadic and taken apart by waterways depleting into the Bay of Bengal. Mahendragiri (1,501 meters) is the most elevated top in the Eastern Ghats. Shevroy Hills and the Javadi Hills are situated toward the southeast of the Eastern Ghats.


Question 7

Describe how the Himalayas were formed.

Answer:The Himalayas and the Northern Plains are the latest landforms. From the perspective of geography, Himalayan Mountains structure a temperamental zone. The entire mountain arrangement of Himalaya addresses an extremely young geography with high pinnacles, profound valleys and quick streaming waterways. The northern fields are shaped of alluvial stores. The peninsular level is made out of molten and transformative rocks with delicately rising slopes and wide valleys.


Question 8

Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.

Answer: The actual highlights of India can be assembled under the accompanying physiographic divisions:

1.The Himalayan Mountains

2.The Northern Plains

3.The Peninsular Plateau

4.The Indian Desert

5.The Coastal Plains

6.The Islands

The Himalaya comprises of three equal reaches in its longitudinal degree. Various valleys lie between these reaches. The northernmost reach is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the 'Himadri'. It is the most consistent territory comprising of the loftiest tops with a typical level of 6,000 meters. It contains every one of the conspicuous Himalayan pinnacles.


The Deccan Plateau is a three-sided body of land that misleads the south of the stream Narmada. The Satpura range flanks its wide base in the north while the Mahadev, the Kaimur slopes and the Maikal range structure its eastern expansions. Find these slopes and ranges in the actual guide of India. The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slants delicately eastwards. An augmentation of the Plateau is likewise apparent in the upper east privately known as the Meghalaya and Karbi-Anglong Plateau. It is isolated by a shortcoming from the Chotanagpur Plateau. Three Prominent slope goes from the west to east are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills.


Question 9

Give an account of the Northern Plains of India

Answer :The northern plain has been framed by the interchange of the three significant stream frameworks, to be specific the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra alongside their feeders. This plain is framed of alluvial soil. The testimony of alluvium in a huge bowl lying at the lower regions of the Himalaya north of millions of years, framed this rich plain. It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq. km. The plain being around 2400 Km long and 240 to 320 Km wide is a thickly populated physiographic division. With a rich soil cover joined with satisfactory water supply and great environment, it is horticulturally an exceptionally useful piece of India.


The waterways in their lower course split into various channels because of the affidavit of residue. These channels are known as distributaries. The Northern Plain is comprehensively partitioned into three areas. The Western piece of the Northern Plain is alluded to as the Punjab Plains. Shaped by the Indus and its feeders, the bigger piece of this plain lies in Pakistan. The Indus and its feeders the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj start in the Himalaya. This part of the plain is overwhelmed by the doabs.


Question 10

Write short notes on the following.(i) The Indian Desert, (ii) The Central Highlands (iii) The Island Groups of India

Answer: (i) The Indian Desert

The Indian desest lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. This region receives very low rainfall below 150 mm per year. It has arid climate with low vegetation cover. Streams appear during the rainy season. Soon after they disappear into the sand as they do not have enough water to reach the sea. Luni is the only large river in this region. Barchans (crescent-shaped dunes) cover larger areas but longitudinal dunes become more promiment near the Indo-Pakistan boundary.


(ii) The Central Highlands

The Peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands. The Vindhyan range is bounded by the Central Highlands on the south and the Aravalis on the northwest. The further westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan.