Question 1.

1.Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?

Answer : Mawsynram

2. The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:

Answer: Loo

3. Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in the north-western part of India?

Answer: Western disturbances

4. Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
Answer: Early June

5. Which one of the following characterises the cold-weather season in India?

Answer: Warm days and cold nights.

Question 2.

What are the controls affecting the climate of India?

Answer: There are six significant controls of  the environment of any spot. They are:

Scope
Height
Tension and wind framework
Distance from the ocean (continentality)
Sea flows
Alleviation highlights

Question 3.

Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?

Answer: The rainstorm sort of environment is portrayed by a particular occasional example. The atmospheric conditions enormously change from one season to the next. These progressions are especially perceptible in the inside pieces of the country. The seaside regions don't encounter a lot of variety in temperature however there is variety in precipitation designs. Four principal seasons can be recognized in India - the chilly climate season, the blistering weather conditions season, the propelling rainstorm, and the withdrawing storm for certain provincial varieties.

Question 4.

Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?

Answer: The regions experiencing this phenomenon are in the northwestern part of India. The reason behind this effect is the Thar desert. Moreover, this region does not have an ocean to moderate the temperature.

Question 5.

Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast?

Answer: Southwest rainstorm winds are liable for precipitation along the Malabar Coast.

Question 6.

What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?

Answer: Fly Streams are a thin belt of high height (over 12,000 m) westerly breezes in the lower atmosphere. Their speed shifts from around 110 km/h in summer to around 184 km/h in winter. Various separate fly streams have been distinguished. The most steady is the mid-scope and subtropical fly stream. They cause miseries during the rainstorm season.

Question 7.

Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?

Answer: Breaks in storm are connected with the development of the rainstorm box. Because of multiple factors, the box and its hub continue to move toward the north or toward the south, which decides the spatial circulation of precipitation. At the point when the hub of the rainstorm box lies over the fields, precipitation is great in these parts. Then again, at whatever point the pivot moves nearer to the Himalayas, there are longer droughts in the fields and boundless downpour happens in the hilly catchment region of the Himalayan waterways.

Question 8.

Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

Answer: Answer:The bringing together impact of the storm on the Indian subcontinent is very recognizable. The occasional change of the breeze frameworks and the related weather patterns give a musical pattern of seasons. Indeed, even the vulnerabilities of downpour and lopsided dispersion are particularly regular of the storms. The Indian scene, it's creature and plants life, its whole agrarian schedule and the existence of individuals (counting their celebrations) spin around this peculiarity. Many years, individuals of India from north to south and from east to west, enthusiastically anticipate the appearance of the storm. These rainstorm winds tie the entire nation by giving water to get the rural exercises rolling. The stream valleys which convey this water likewise join as a solitary stream valley unit.

Question 9.

Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?

Answer: As they move toward the path, the breezes lose the dampness content. Thus the justification behind the decrease in precipitation.

Question 10.

Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?

Answer: 1. Occasional shift in twist course because of strain contrast.

2. El-Nino assumes a significant part.

Question 11.

The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.

Answer: Precipitation is reliant upon the South West Monsoon winds, it quickly advances and covers enormous wraps of the country by July.

Question 12.

The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.

Answer: It is a result of North-East rainstorm winds

Question 13.

The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.

Answer: The Bay of Bengal faces incessant strain changes.

Question 14.

Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.

Answer : Since they fall in the downpour shadow locale of Aravali Mountains.

Question 15.

Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples

Answer:The chilly climate season starts from mid-November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern piece of India. The temperature diminishes from south to north. The typical temperature of Chennai, on the eastern coast, is between 24° - 25° Celsius, while in the northern fields, it ranges somewhere in the range of 10°C and 15° Celsius. Days are warm, and evenings are cold. Ice is normal in the north, and the higher slants of the Himalayas experience snowfall
In March, the most noteworthy temperature is around 38° Celsius, recorded on the Deccan level. In April, temperatures in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh are around 42° Celsius. In May, the temperature of 45° Celsius is normal in the northwestern pieces of the country. In peninsular India, temperatures remain lower because of the directing impact of the seas.

Question 16.

Discuss the mechanisms of the monsoon.

Answer: (a) The differential warming and cooling of land and water makes low tension on the expanse of land of India while the oceans around experience relatively high strain.

(b) The shift of the place of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer, over the Ganga plain (this is the central box typically situated around 5°N of the equator. It is otherwise called the storm box during the rainstorm season).

(c) The presence of the great tension region, east of Madagascar, roughly at 20°S over the Indian Ocean. The power and position of this high-pressure region influences the Indian Monsoon.

(d) The Tibetan level gets seriously warmed during summer, which brings major areas of strength for about air flows and the arrangement of low tension over the level at around 9 km above ocean level.

(e) The development of the westerly fly stream toward the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly fly stream over the Indian landmass during summer.

Question 17.

Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.

Answer: The chilly climate season starts from mid-November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern piece of India. The temperature diminishes as we go from the south toward the north. The typical temperature in Chennai, on the eastern coast, is between 24° - 25° Celsius. Though in the northern fields, it ranges somewhere in the range of 10°C and 15° Celsius. Here, the days are warm, and the evenings are cold. Ice is normal in the north, and the higher slants of the Himalayas experience snowfall. During this season, the upper east exchange twists beat the country. They blow from land to the ocean, and subsequently, generally of the country, it is a dry season. Some measure of precipitation happens on the Tamil Nadu coast from these breezes as here they blow from ocean to land. In the northern piece of the country, a weak high-pressure locale creates, with light breezes moving outwards from this area. Impacted by the help, these breezes blow through the Ganga valley from the west and the northwest. The weather conditions is typically set apart by clear sky, low temperatures and low stickiness and weak, variable breezes. A trademark element of the chilly climate season over the northern fields is the inflow of cyclonic unsettling influences from the west and the northwest. These low-pressure frameworks, begin over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and move into India, alongside the westerly stream. They cause the truly necessary winter downpours over the fields and snowfall in the mountains. Albeit the aggregate sum of winter precipitation (privately known as 'Mahawat') is little, they are critical for the development of 'rabi' crops. The peninsular district doesn't have a distinct virus season. There is not really any observable occasional change in temperature design during winters because of the directing impact of the ocean.

Question 18.

Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.

Answer:The Monsoon, in contrast to the exchanges, are not consistent breezes yet are throbbing in nature, impacted by various environmental circumstances experienced by it, on its far over the warm tropical oceans. The term of the storm is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September. Around the hour of its appearance, the ordinary precipitation expands out of nowhere and proceed continually for a few days. This is known as the 'eruption' of the storm and can be recognized from the pre-rainstorm showers. The storm shows up at the southern tip of the Indian landmass, for the most part by the primary seven day stretch of June. Hence, it continues into two - the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The Arabian Sea branch arrives at Mumbai around ten days after the fact on roughly the tenth of June. This is a genuinely quick development. The Bay of Bengal branch additionally progresses quickly and shows up in Assam in the principal seven day stretch of June. The grandiose mountains causes the storm winds to redirect towards the west over the Ganga fields. By mid-June, the Arabian Sea part of the rainstorm shows up over Saurashtra-Kachchh and the focal piece of the country. The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal parts of the storm converge over the northwestern piece of the Ganga fields. Delhi for the most part gets the rainstorm showers from the Bay of Bengal branch toward the finish of June (provisional date is 29th of June). By the main seven day stretch of July, western Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and eastern Rajasthan experience the storm. By mid-July, the storm arrives at Himachal Pradesh and the remainder of the country.